Modeling and Optimal Control of Curvatures in IPMC's

There has been a growing number of research activities in the area of using smart materials in day to day lives because of their ability to serve both as sensors and actuators. Ionic Polymer Metal Composites (IPMCs) are one of such materials which have been extensively studied in the past few decades to not only understand its working principles but to also model and control their curvature. The problem of building an electromechanical model in order to explain the functioning of IPMCs under favorable and unfavorable conditions is still unsolved. This work proposes a control oriented electromechanical model for induced bending curvature in the IPMC material based on the empirical data received on Nafion based IPMC specimen. This model is further utilized to formulate a control oriented dynamic model from which an Optimal Control System was suggested for the IPMC actuator and supported by experimental results on the tip displacement

Photoluminescence, photoredox properties and crystal structures of rhenium(v)-benzylidyne complex with phosphine ligands.

Several rhenium(v)-benzylidyne complexes [Re(CR)(pdpp)2Cl]+[R=C6H2Me3-2,4,6,pdpp= o-phenylenebis(diphenylphosphine)], [Re(CR)L2(CO)(H2O)Cl]+ [L=PPh3, P(C6H4OMe-p)3 or PMe2Ph] and trans-[Re(CR)(dppe)(CO)2Cl]+ [dppe= 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane] have been prepared. The structures of trans-Re(CR)(pdpp)2Cl]ClO4.CHCl3.0.25MeOH and [Re(CR)(PPh3)2 (CO)(H2O)Cl]ClO4. 1.5MeOH have been determined by X-ray analyses. The Re≡C distances are 1.802(5) and 1.784(8) Å respectively. In acetonitrile and dichloromethane the complexes show intense absorption bands at 318-330 nm and weak ones at 405-450 nm, the latter being tentatively assigned to dxy → dn* (dxz,dyz) transitions. Photoexcitation in the solution, solid or glassy state gives intense orange to red emissions, and the emitting states are tentatively assigned to 3[(dxy)1](dπ*)1]. The variation in non-radiative decay rate constants for the emissions of the rhenium(v)-benzylidyne complexes are consistent with a predication from the energy-gap law. The excited states are better oxidants and reductants than the grounds states. The values of E°(Rev*-ReIV ) and E° (ReVI-ReV*) in acetonitrile have been determined using spectroscopic and electrochemical data as well as by Stern-Volmer  quenching experiments

Photochemical and electrochemical properties of tetranuclear Ru (II) complexes

The luminescent and redox active multinuclear Ru (II) Complex containing both electron poor (2,3-bis (2-pyridyl) pyrazine, 2,3-dpp) and electron rich (3,5-bis (pyridyn-2yl)-1,2,4-¬triazole, Hppt) polypyridine bridging ligands has been synthesized. The novel complex is [ (phen)2 Ru (µ-bpt)Ru{(µ-2,3-dpp) Ru(Phen)2}2]7+ (1:Phen-=1,10-Phenanthroline) Its absorption spectrum, luminescence properties, and redox behavior have been studied and compared with the properties of parent complexes [Ru {(µ-2,3-dpp) Ru (Phen)2}3]8+ (2) and [(Phen)2 Ru (µ-bpt) Ru (Phen)2]3+ (3). The absorption spectrum of 1 is dominated by ligand centered bands in the U.V. region and by metal to ligand CT bands in the visible region. Excited states and oxidation and reduction processes are localized in specific sites of the multicomponent structure. However, perturbations of each component on the redox and excited state properties, as well as electronic interactions between the chromospheres can be observed. Intercomponent energy transfer from the upper lying (µ-bpt) (Phen) Ru ï§Phen CT ¬excited state of the Ru (Phen)2 (µ-bpt)+ component to the lower lying (Phen)2 RUï§ µ 2,3-dpp CT excited - state of the Ru (Phen)2 (µ-2,3-dpp)2+ subunit(s) is efficient in fluid solution at room . And the process is not observed in a rigid matrix at 77 K. A two step energy transfer mechanism is proposed to explain the photophysical properties of the new complex

Electron transfer quenching studies of luminescent complex’s of Ru (iii) with mixed ligands

In the present paper the reaction of Ru (III) perchlorates with some polytertiary phosphines and arsines has been investigated. The study of quenching of excited states of Ru (LL’-)33+  complexes and subsequent reaction occuring with potential reductant - amines, aromatic ether, nitro compounds, p-hydroquinone and water have been observed. Both laser flash and convensional spectroscopic techniques have been used to monitor the quencher products. The photo reduction of complex (I) with triethylamine can be shown to consists of two component, a primary photoprocess and a subsequent dark reaction while for complex (II) only the first process is observed. The reduced complex Ru (LL’)+23 produced in the reaction are relatively stable and dry deacrated solution but can be observed rapidly with both oxygen and water. The reaction of reduced (I) with water is a relatively produce Ru (LL’) +3H+2 which yields hydrogen and to starting. Complex (I) with colloidal platinum excited states of (I) are also quenched by aromatic ether and hydroquionones in process giving transients having spectra similar to that the reduced (I). The reaction between excited (I) with water (K = 1x 107M-1 S-1) gives a short lifed transient (ïŠ= 245ns) more lightly an adduct or ligand protonated species more lightly and adduct or ligand protonated species

Marcus inverted region in the photoinduced electron transfer reactions of ruthenium(ii)-polypyridine complexes with phenolate ions.

Ruthenium (II)- polypyridy1 complexes of similar size but with variable reduction potential undergo efficient photoinduced electron- transfer reactions with phenolate ions in aqueous medium. All these reactions are exergonic and are in accordance with the Marcus theory of electron transfer. At high negative G° Marcus inverted region is observed in this bimolecular photoinduced charge separation reaction

Cellular investigations to uncover curative potentials of polyphenols- An in vitro study of Apple Cider Vinegar (ACV) and Chrysin against Alzheimer's like pathology via down-regulation of AChE activity

Amyloid aggregation and neurofibrillary pathology is the characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Streptozotocin (STZ) is a glucosamine nitrosourea compound that is toxic to the cells, impairs insulin signaling in the brain. STZ induces DNA damage and oxidative stress, which leads to cognitive impairments. In this experimental study, STZ treatment induces Alzheimer's pathology in mouse neuroblastoma (N2A) cells. The study also explored the protection of cellular damage by pre-treatment with test drugs Apple cider vinegar (ACV), chrysin and rivastigmine. This study had been concentrated mainly on the cellular mechanism of neuromodulation and anti –oxidant potency of test drugs to attenuate cellular toxicity induced by STZ treatment. The 100 μM concentration of STZ was used for treatment in N2A cells for 24 h and 48 h and multiple studies were performed. The STZ causes tau phosphorylation, amyloid aggregation and increased acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity. Along with STZ at a concentration of 100 μM, the cells were pre-treated with ACV, chrysinand rivastigmine at a concentration of 2, 10, 50 μM each. The results show that 2 μM test drug concentration presented considerable protection, against STZ generated neurocytotoxicity via. restoration of anti-oxidant enzymes, MDA and AChE level, compared to the other two concentrations

Preliminary study on antiulcer effect of agomelatine and its potentiation with pyridoxine

Background: Agomelatine is a synthetic analogue of melatonin and a potent agonist of melatonin receptors. Agomelatine has Hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant activity. The aim of study was to evaluate the antiulcer activity of Agomelatine and its potentiation through the pyridoxine on ethanol induced gastric ulcer in rats.Methods: Thirty number of rats were divided in to five groups contro, standard, Agomelatine low dose, Agomelatine high dose and Agomelatine with Pyridoxine groups. Ethanol was used to induced gastric ulcer in rats. ulcer index and also the other biochemical parameters like free Acidity, total Acidity, gastric pH, volume of gastric juice was determined. Statistically analysis was done by ANOVA P value less than 0.05 was considered Statistically significant.Results: In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the gastric antisecretory, antiulcer and cytoprotective properties of agomelatine. The results are statistically significant by ANOVA test. Ranitidine showed a statistically significant decrease in the volume of gastric juice by free acidity and total acidity. when compared to control. Agomelatine shows a showed similar response to the volume of gastric juice. A significant difference in pH was observed between the agomelatine-treated, agomelatine with pyridoxine treated group and the control groups.Conclusions: Pretreated rats with Agomelatine (40mg/kg) showed protective effect against ethanol induce gastric ulcer. Agomelatine (40mg/kg) showed the ameliorative effect with Pyridoxine (0.3mg/kg), on gastric ulcer

Measuring routine childhood vaccination coverage in 204 countries and territories, 1980-2019 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2020, Release 1

Background Measuring routine childhood vaccination is crucial to inform global vaccine policies and programme implementation, and to track progress towards targets set by the Global Vaccine Action Plan (GVAP) and Immunization Agenda 2030. Robust estimates of routine vaccine coverage are needed to identify past successes and persistent vulnerabilities. Drawing from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2020, Release 1, we did a systematic analysis of global, regional, and national vaccine coverage trends using a statistical framework, by vaccine and over time. Methods For this analysis we collated 55 326 country-specific, cohort-specific, year-specific, vaccine-specific, and dosespecific observations of routine childhood vaccination coverage between 1980 and 2019. Using spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression, we produced location-specific and year-specific estimates of 11 routine childhood vaccine coverage indicators for 204 countries and territories from 1980 to 2019, adjusting for biases in countryreported data and reflecting reported stockouts and supply disruptions. We analysed global and regional trends in coverage and numbers of zero-dose children (defined as those who never received a diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis [DTP] vaccine dose), progress towards GVAP targets, and the relationship between vaccine coverage and sociodemographic development. Findings By 2019, global coverage of third-dose DTP (DTP3; 81.6% [95% uncertainty interval 80.4-82 .7]) more than doubled from levels estimated in 1980 (39.9% [37.5-42.1]), as did global coverage of the first-dose measles-containing vaccine (MCV1; from 38.5% [35.4-41.3] in 1980 to 83.6% [82.3-84.8] in 2019). Third- dose polio vaccine (Pol3) coverage also increased, from 42.6% (41.4-44.1) in 1980 to 79.8% (78.4-81.1) in 2019, and global coverage of newer vaccines increased rapidly between 2000 and 2019. The global number of zero-dose children fell by nearly 75% between 1980 and 2019, from 56.8 million (52.6-60. 9) to 14.5 million (13.4-15.9). However, over the past decade, global vaccine coverage broadly plateaued; 94 countries and territories recorded decreasing DTP3 coverage since 2010. Only 11 countries and territories were estimated to have reached the national GVAP target of at least 90% coverage for all assessed vaccines in 2019. Interpretation After achieving large gains in childhood vaccine coverage worldwide, in much of the world this progress was stalled or reversed from 2010 to 2019. These findings underscore the importance of revisiting routine immunisation strategies and programmatic approaches, recentring service delivery around equity and underserved populations. Strengthening vaccine data and monitoring systems is crucial to these pursuits, now and through to 2030, to ensure that all children have access to, and can benefit from, lifesaving vaccines. Copyright (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Peer reviewe

Identification of 1‑[4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-but-3-enyl]‑1<i>H</i>‑azoles as New Class of Antitubercular and Antimicrobial Agents

A series of 1-[(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-but-3-enyl]-1<i>H-</i>azoles has been identified as potent antitubercular agents against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Synthesis of compounds involved acid catalyzed ring-opening of cyclopropyl ring of phenyl cyclopropyl methanols followed by nucleophilic attack of the azoles on the carbocation intermediates. Several of the compounds <b>26</b>, <b>34</b>, and <b>36</b> exhibited significant antitubercular activities with MIC value as low as 1.56, 1.56, and 0.61 μg/mL, respectively, comparable to many standard drugs. These compounds were also screened against other strains of bacteria and fungi, and few of them showed good antifungal activity against <i>A. fumigatus</i>, responsible for lung infection

Proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers in Desalination, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences for Sustainable Development

This proceeding contains articles on the various ideas of the academic community presented at the International Conference on Frontiers in Desalination, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences for Sustainable Development (FEEMSSD-2023) &amp; Annual Congress of InDA (InDACON-2023) jointly organized by the Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur, KIPM-College of Engineering and Technology Gida Gorakhpur, and Indian Desalination Association, India on 16th-17th March 2023.  FEEMSSD-2023 &amp; InDACON-2023 focuses on addressing issues and concerns related to sustainability in all domains of Energy, Environment, Desalination, and Material Science and attempts to present the research and innovative outputs in a global platform. The conference aims to bring together leading academicians, researchers, technocrats, practitioners, and students to exchange and share their experiences and research outputs in Energy, Environment, Desalination, and Material Science.  Conference Title: International Conference on Frontiers in Desalination, Energy, Environment and Material Sciences for Sustainable Development &amp; Annual Congress of InDAConference Acronyms: FEEMSSD-2023 &amp; InDACON-2023Conference Date: 16th-17th March 2023Conference Location: Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, GorakhpurConference Organizers: Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology Gorakhpur, KIPM-College of Engineering and Technology Gida Gorakhpur, and Indian Desalination Association, Indi